Biomolecules mein carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins aur nucleic acids aate hain — theory-based scoring chapter. Yahan aapko is chapter ke sabse important formulas aur quick revision points free milte hain — NCERT/CBSE syllabus ke hisaab se, boards aur JEE/NEET dono ke liye.
Important Formulas & Concepts — Biomolecules
- Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
- Sucrose = glucose + fructose; maltose = glucose + glucose; lactose = glucose + galactose
- Glucose: aldohexose; fructose: ketohexose
- Starch: amylose (linear) + amylopectin (branched) — alpha-glycosidic
- Cellulose: beta-glycosidic linkage (linear)
- Proteins: alpha-amino acids peptide bond se jude
- Protein structure: 1°, 2° (helix/sheet), 3°, 4°
- DNA: A-T, G-C pairing; RNA mein uracil
Quick Revision Points
- Sucrose non-reducing hai (dono anomeric carbons linked)
- Glucose Tollens/Fehling positive (aldehyde group)
- Denaturation: 2°/3° structure toot-ti hai, 1° nahi
- Water-soluble vitamins: B, C; fat-soluble: A, D, E, K
- Deficiency diseases rato: C-scurvy, D-rickets, B₁₂-anaemia
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FAQ
Ye chapter ratta hai kya?
Structure-based logic hai — PDF ke comparison tables (starch vs cellulose, DNA vs RNA) se aadha kaam ho jata hai.
Boards mein kya format?
Distinguish, deficiency diseases aur linkage type — direct 3-4 markers.
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