Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Class 12 Physics Notes – Formulas & Quick Revision

Dual Nature mein photoelectric effect aur de Broglie waves aate hain — modern physics ki shuruaat. Yahan aapko is chapter ke sabse important formulas aur quick revision points free milte hain — NCERT/CBSE syllabus ke hisaab se, boards aur JEE/NEET dono ke liye.

Important Formulas & Concepts — Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

• Photon energy: E = hν = hc/λ
• Work function: φ = hν₀
• Einstein equation: K_max = hν − φ
• Stopping potential: eV₀ = K_max
• de Broglie: λ = h/p = h/mv
• Accelerated electron: λ = h/√(2meV) = 12.27/√V Å
• Photon momentum: p = E/c = h/λ
• Intensity → number of photoelectrons; frequency → K_max

Quick Revision Points

• Frequency threshold se kam ho to emission nahi — chahe intensity kitni bhi ho
• K_max intensity par depend NAHI karti, sirf frequency par
• V₀ vs ν graph ka slope = h/e (universal)
• Davisson-Germer ne electron diffraction se matter waves prove ki
• Photoelectric effect particle nature, interference wave nature dikhata hai

FAQ

Graphs kaunse important hain?

V₀ vs ν, K_max vs ν, I vs V — teeno PDF mein explained hain, exam favourites.

NEET ke liye kitna important?

Har saal 1-2 questions — Einstein equation ke numericals pakke.

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