Equilibrium Class 11 Chemistry Notes – Formulas & Quick Revision

Equilibrium sabse lamba chapter hai — chemical equilibrium (Kc, Kp, Le Chatelier) aur ionic equilibrium (pH, buffer, Ksp) dono cover hote hain. Yahan aapko is chapter ke sabse important formulas aur quick revision points free milte hain — NCERT/CBSE syllabus ke hisaab se, boards aur JEE/NEET dono ke liye.

Important Formulas & Concepts — Equilibrium

• Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn
• ΔG° = −2.303RT·logK
• pH = −log[H⁺]; pH + pOH = 14 (25°C)
• Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴
• Ostwald dilution: α = √(Ka/C); [H⁺] = √(Ka·C)
• Henderson: pH = pKa + log([salt]/[acid])
• Ksp aur solubility: AB₂ ke liye Ksp = 4s³
• Q vs K: Q < K forward, Q > K backward

Quick Revision Points

• Le Chatelier: pressure badhao → kam moles wali side
• Catalyst equilibrium shift nahi karta, jaldi pahunchata hai
• Buffer max capacity jab pH = pKa
• Common ion effect solubility ghatata hai
• Ionic product > Ksp = precipitation hogi

FAQ

Ye chapter itna bada hai, kaise cover karu?

Complete PDF do parts mein organized hai — chemical + ionic — mind-maps ke saath, revision minutes mein.

pH numericals kaise practice karu?

PDF ke solved patterns + hamara free pH/ICE table calculator use karo.

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