Physics Thermodynamics mein first law, thermodynamic processes aur heat engines aate hain — Chemistry wale chapter se approach alag hai. Yahan aapko is chapter ke sabse important formulas aur quick revision points free milte hain — NCERT/CBSE syllabus ke hisaab se, boards aur JEE/NEET dono ke liye.
Important Formulas & Concepts — Thermodynamics
- First law: ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW
- Work by gas: W = ∫P dV
- Isothermal: W = nRT·ln(V₂/V₁); ΔU = 0
- Adiabatic: PVᵞ = constant; W = (P₁V₁ − P₂V₂)/(γ−1)
- Isochoric: W = 0; Isobaric: W = PΔV
- Cp − Cv = R (Mayer relation); γ = Cp/Cv
- Carnot efficiency: η = 1 − T₂/T₁
- COP of refrigerator: β = T₂/(T₁−T₂)
Quick Revision Points
- Adiabatic curve isothermal se steep hoti hai P-V diagram par
- Carnot engine maximum possible efficiency deta hai
- η = 1 kabhi nahi (T₂ = 0 K impossible)
- Sign convention: gas expand kare to W positive
- P-V diagram ka area = work done — graph questions pakke hain
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FAQ
Physics aur Chemistry thermodynamics mein kya fark hai?
Physics processes aur engines par focus karta hai; sign convention bhi alag hai — dono ke separate notes lo.
Carnot cycle ka derivation zaroori hai?
JEE ke liye haan — complete PDF mein step-by-step diagram ke saath hai.
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