Population Growth Biology • PCM Notes

Understanding Population Growth Models

Quick Answer: Population growth models describe how a population size changes over time. Exponential growth assumes unlimited resources, while logistic growth includes carrying capacity.

Key Formulas

Exponential: Nt = N0ert. Logistic: Nt = K / [1 + ((K-N0)/N0)e-rt]. Here N0 = initial population, r = intrinsic growth rate, t = time, K = carrying capacity.

Solved Examples

Exponential: bacteria
N0=100, r=0.5/hr, t=5h
Nt=100e2.5
=100*12.18=1218
Rapid growth
Logistic: yeast
N0=10, r=0.3, K=1000, t=20
Nt≈ 1000
Approaches carrying capacity
Doubling time
td = ln2/r
r=0.1 gives td≈6.93
Inverse relation

FAQs

What is carrying capacity (K)?

Carrying capacity is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely, given available resources like food, water, and space.

How does r-selection differ from K-selection?

r-selected species have high growth rates and produce many offspring (e.g., bacteria). K-selected species live near carrying capacity with fewer offspring but more parental care (e.g., elephants).

What happens when a population exceeds carrying capacity?

Overshoot leads to resource depletion, increased mortality, and a population crash. The population may oscillate around K or decline sharply.