Understanding Metabolism & Energy Balance
Maintaining health and managing body mass depends on the laws of thermodynamics — specifically the relation between energy intake (calories eaten) and energy expenditure (calories burned).
What is Body Mass Index (BMI)?
The Body Mass Index is a simple numerical metric that classifies an individual's weight status relative to their height. It is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared:
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies BMI values as:
- Underweight: BMI less than 18.5
- Normal Weight: BMI between 18.5 and 24.9
- Overweight: BMI between 25.0 and 29.9
- Obese: BMI of 30.0 or greater
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) vs. TDEE
Your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories your body burns at rest to perform vital life functions, such as breathing, circulating blood, and cell production.
Your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) is the total number of calories burned in a day, which factors in your activity level. We calculate BMR using the highly validated Mifflin-St Jeor Equation:
Female: BMR = 10 × Weight(kg) + 6.25 × Height(cm) − 5 × Age(y) − 161
TDEE is then calculated by multiplying BMR by an activity multiplier (from 1.2 for sedentary to 1.9 for extra active).